{
"attribution" : [ {
"@language" : "en",
"@value" : "National and University Library of Iceland"
}, {
"@language" : "is",
"@value" : "Landsbókasafn Íslands - Háskólabókasafn"
} ],
"description" : [ {
"@language" : "en",
"@value" : "It fell to Joris Carolus of Enkhuisen, a Dutch navigator and traveller in the North, to produce the most stable and durable version of the position and shape of Iceland, not only on maps made in Holland, but wherever people tried to form some picture of the country and display it on a map. More than a century passed before cartographers had access to newer and more reliable information about the country. The map appeared for the first time in the collection of Jodocus Hondius the younger from the 1620s.
After the death of Hondius his plates came into the possession of Willem Janszoon Blaeu. He printed his first edition of the map in his map collection, Atlantis appendix, in the year 1630. Joris Carolus' map of Iceland was printed without change in all editions of Blaeu's collection. The accompanying description of Iceland grew from one and a half pages to twelve. In the same year that Blaeu published his atlas Henricus Hondius, the younger son of Jodocus, and Johannes Janssonius put a collection on the market containing amongst others a copy of Joris Carolus' map of Iceland in Blaeu's version. There is very little difference between the two versions. The cartouche, as well as the name of the map and of the author, is unchanged. The name of Blaeu as publisher of the map is of course left out, and the scroll left blank where it was written.
The map's chief novelty were the Gunnbjarnar Islands (I. Gouberman) west of Ísafjardardjúp. They probably first appear on a map of Europe by Jodocus Hondius - probably the younger, since the map was not made until after 1613. It is likely that Carolus sought the idea of the islands from the map of Hondius.
On the map the length of the country is much the same as on Mercator's map, but the breadth is rather less, so that the proportion is nearer the true one. The map shows the influence of both versions of bishop Gudbrandur's map. The coastline resembles more Ortelius, but when it comes to placenames the map follows Mercator in selection and spelling. In spite of many errors, some of them serious, the map is a step in the right direction. The author had spent some time in the country, but there is very little trace of it on the map. The importance of his map in the history of Icelandic cartography does not derive from anything which it had to offer so much as from how durable it was and influential over a wide area."
}, {
"@language" : "is",
"@value" : "Sá maður sem hvað mest kom við sögu hollenskra Íslandskorta, þeirra er runnin voru frá Guðbrandi biskupi Þorlákssyni, var Joris Carolus. Kort hans varð fyrirmynd flestra Íslandskorta í rúm 120 ár og ekkert hinna eldri Íslandskorta var birt jafnoft né fór jafnvíða eða átti sér lengri sögu sem fyrirmynd annarra kortagerðarmanna.
Carolus hafði tekið þátt í leiðangrum um Norðurhöf og árið 1625 hafði hann viðkomu á Íslandi. Eitthvað mun hann hafa kynnst Jóni lærða Guðmundssyni sem kallar hann „Mastur Juris Tréfót“ en Carolus mun hafa misst annan fótinn í umsátri um Ostende. Afrakstur þessara ferða um norðurslóðir birti hann síðar í safni sjókorta sem komu út 1634.
Nokkrar líkur benda til þess að hann hafi sótt fyrirmynd sína til Evrópukorts Jodocusar Hondiusar yngra frá eftir 1613 eða að þessi tvö kort séu greinar af sama stofni. Á korti Hondiusar koma fyrst fyrir Gunnbjarnareyjar svokallaðar (I. Gouberman) og liggja þær úti fyrir Ísafjarðardjúpi. Þessar eyjar finnast ekki á fyrstu gerðum af Íslandskorti Guðbrands biskups og virðist Hondius því hafa vikið frá fyrirmyndinni. Líklegt er að Carolus hafi tekið eyjarnar og ýmislegt annað sem rekja má til Íslandskorts Mercators upp eftir Hondiusi. Kort Carolusar finnst fyrst í kortasyrpu Jodocusar Hondiusar yngra frá lokum 3. áratugar 17. aldar. Það er hins vegar þekktast úr útgáfum á kortabókum þeirra Willem Janszoon Blaeu og Johannesar Janssoniusar. Á vegum Blaeu birtist það fyrst í kortasafni hans, Atlantis appendix, árið 1630. Eftir lát Hondiusar komust myndamót hans í hendur Blaeus og lét hann nema nafn hans brott og láta sitt í staðinn. Kortið birtist síðan óbreytt í öllum útgáfum á bók Blaeus. Kort Carolusar er, eins og áður sagði, einnig til í útgáfu Johannesar Janssoniusar, þeirri fyrstu frá 1630. Heiti Blaeus sem útgefanda er að sjálfsögðu horfið hjá Janssoniusi og borðinn þar sem það var letrað á stendur auður. Á kortum þeirra Blaeus og Janssoniusar er ofurlítill munur.
Á Íslandskorti Carolusar verður þess lítt vart að hann hafi komið til Íslands og haft þar tal af mönnum. Áhrifa gætir frá báðum gerðum Guðbrandskortsins. Strandlínum landsins svipar fremur til Orteliusar en þegar kemur að vali og staðsetningu örnefna fylgir Carolus Mercator-kortinu. Þó lítið sé um nýjungar á korti Carolusar er það þó spor í rétta átt. Mestu munar að landið er styttra frá austri til vesturs og að því leyti nærri lagi. En mikilvægi kortsins felst ekki í nýjungagirni þess heldur því hversu langlíft það varð og hve áhrifa þess gætti víða."
} ],
"label" : "Tabula Islandiæ",
"sequences" : [ {
"canvases" : [ {
"height" : 9268,
"images" : [ {
"motivation" : "sc:painting",
"on" : "https://islandskort.is/map/5/canvas/1860",
"resource" : {
"height" : 9268,
"width" : 12141,
"service" : {
"profile" : "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",
"@context" : "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json",
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/iiif/2/1860"
},
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/iiif/2/1860/full/full/0/default.jpg",
"@type" : "dctypes:Image"
},
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/map/1860/annotation",
"@type" : "oa:Annotation"
} ],
"label" : [ {
"@language" : "en",
"@value" : "Útgáfa 1 (1630) | 1r"
}, {
"@language" : "is",
"@value" : "Útgáfa 1 (1630) | 1r"
} ],
"width" : 12141,
"@type" : "sc:Canvas",
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/map/5/canvas/1860"
}, {
"height" : 9583,
"images" : [ {
"motivation" : "sc:painting",
"on" : "https://islandskort.is/map/5/canvas/1868",
"resource" : {
"height" : 9583,
"width" : 12227,
"service" : {
"profile" : "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",
"@context" : "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json",
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/iiif/2/1868"
},
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/iiif/2/1868/full/full/0/default.jpg",
"@type" : "dctypes:Image"
},
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/map/1868/annotation",
"@type" : "oa:Annotation"
} ],
"label" : [ {
"@language" : "en",
"@value" : "Útgáfa 2 (1630) | 1r"
}, {
"@language" : "is",
"@value" : "Útgáfa 2 (1630) | 1r"
} ],
"width" : 12227,
"@type" : "sc:Canvas",
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/map/5/canvas/1868"
}, {
"height" : 9915,
"images" : [ {
"motivation" : "sc:painting",
"on" : "https://islandskort.is/map/5/canvas/1872",
"resource" : {
"height" : 9915,
"width" : 12717,
"service" : {
"profile" : "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",
"@context" : "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json",
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/iiif/2/1872"
},
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/iiif/2/1872/full/full/0/default.jpg",
"@type" : "dctypes:Image"
},
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/map/1872/annotation",
"@type" : "oa:Annotation"
} ],
"label" : [ {
"@language" : "en",
"@value" : "Útgáfa 2 (1630) | 1v"
}, {
"@language" : "is",
"@value" : "Útgáfa 2 (1630) | 1v"
} ],
"width" : 12717,
"@type" : "sc:Canvas",
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/map/5/canvas/1872"
}, {
"height" : 4543,
"images" : [ {
"motivation" : "sc:painting",
"on" : "https://islandskort.is/map/5/canvas/2844",
"resource" : {
"height" : 4543,
"width" : 5903,
"service" : {
"profile" : "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",
"@context" : "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json",
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/iiif/2/2844"
},
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/iiif/2/2844/full/full/0/default.jpg",
"@type" : "dctypes:Image"
},
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/map/2844/annotation",
"@type" : "oa:Annotation"
} ],
"label" : [ {
"@language" : "en",
"@value" : "Útgáfa 3 (1630) | 1"
}, {
"@language" : "is",
"@value" : "Útgáfa 3 (1630) | 1"
} ],
"width" : 5903,
"@type" : "sc:Canvas",
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/map/5/canvas/2844"
}, {
"height" : 4446,
"images" : [ {
"motivation" : "sc:painting",
"on" : "https://islandskort.is/map/5/canvas/3692",
"resource" : {
"height" : 4446,
"width" : 5862,
"service" : {
"profile" : "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",
"@context" : "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json",
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/iiif/2/3692"
},
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/iiif/2/3692/full/full/0/default.jpg",
"@type" : "dctypes:Image"
},
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/map/3692/annotation",
"@type" : "oa:Annotation"
} ],
"label" : [ {
"@language" : "en",
"@value" : "Útgáfa 4 (1630) | 1"
}, {
"@language" : "is",
"@value" : "Útgáfa 4 (1630) | 1"
} ],
"width" : 5862,
"@type" : "sc:Canvas",
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/map/5/canvas/3692"
}, {
"height" : 5596,
"images" : [ {
"motivation" : "sc:painting",
"on" : "https://islandskort.is/map/5/canvas/4132",
"resource" : {
"height" : 5596,
"width" : 6752,
"service" : {
"profile" : "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",
"@context" : "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json",
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/iiif/2/4132"
},
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/iiif/2/4132/full/full/0/default.jpg",
"@type" : "dctypes:Image"
},
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/map/4132/annotation",
"@type" : "oa:Annotation"
} ],
"label" : [ {
"@language" : "en",
"@value" : "Útgáfa 5 (1630) | 1r"
}, {
"@language" : "is",
"@value" : "Útgáfa 5 (1630) | 1r"
} ],
"width" : 6752,
"@type" : "sc:Canvas",
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/map/5/canvas/4132"
}, {
"height" : 5604,
"images" : [ {
"motivation" : "sc:painting",
"on" : "https://islandskort.is/map/5/canvas/4136",
"resource" : {
"height" : 5604,
"width" : 6790,
"service" : {
"profile" : "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",
"@context" : "http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json",
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/iiif/2/4136"
},
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/iiif/2/4136/full/full/0/default.jpg",
"@type" : "dctypes:Image"
},
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/map/4136/annotation",
"@type" : "oa:Annotation"
} ],
"label" : [ {
"@language" : "en",
"@value" : "Útgáfa 5 (1630) | 1v"
}, {
"@language" : "is",
"@value" : "Útgáfa 5 (1630) | 1v"
} ],
"width" : 6790,
"@type" : "sc:Canvas",
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/map/5/canvas/4136"
} ],
"@type" : "sc:Sequence",
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/map/5/sequence/default"
} ],
"structures" : [ {
"label" : [ {
"@language" : "en",
"@value" : "Publication 1 (1630)"
}, {
"@language" : "is",
"@value" : "Útgáfa 1 (1630)"
} ],
"canvases" : [ "https://islandskort.is/map/5/canvas/1860" ],
"@type" : "sc:Range",
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/map/5/range/r-1"
}, {
"label" : [ {
"@language" : "en",
"@value" : "Publication 2 (1630)"
}, {
"@language" : "is",
"@value" : "Útgáfa 2 (1630)"
} ],
"canvases" : [ "https://islandskort.is/map/5/canvas/1868" ],
"@type" : "sc:Range",
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/map/5/range/r-2"
}, {
"label" : [ {
"@language" : "en",
"@value" : "Publication 3 (1630)"
}, {
"@language" : "is",
"@value" : "Útgáfa 3 (1630)"
} ],
"canvases" : [ "https://islandskort.is/map/5/canvas/2844" ],
"@type" : "sc:Range",
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/map/5/range/r-3"
}, {
"label" : [ {
"@language" : "en",
"@value" : "Publication 4 (1630)"
}, {
"@language" : "is",
"@value" : "Útgáfa 4 (1630)"
} ],
"canvases" : [ "https://islandskort.is/map/5/canvas/3692" ],
"@type" : "sc:Range",
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/map/5/range/r-4"
}, {
"label" : [ {
"@language" : "en",
"@value" : "Publication 5 (1630)"
}, {
"@language" : "is",
"@value" : "Útgáfa 5 (1630)"
} ],
"canvases" : [ "https://islandskort.is/map/5/canvas/4132" ],
"@type" : "sc:Range",
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/map/5/range/r-5"
} ],
"thumbnail" : {
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/iiif/2/1860/full/full/0/default.jpg"
},
"viewingHint" : "individuals",
"@type" : "sc:Manifest",
"@id" : "https://islandskort.is/map/5/manifest",
"@context" : "http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json",
"metadata" : [ {
"label" : [ {
"@language" : "en",
"@value" : "Author"
}, {
"@language" : "is",
"@value" : "Höfundur"
} ],
"value" : "Joris Carolus | Johannes Janssonius"
} ]
}